電(dian)源適配器(qi)是(shi)我們生活(huo)中會用到(dao)的電(dian)器(qi)，但是(shi)在使用中也(ye)會出現一(yi)些小(xiao)故障，今(jin)天小(xiao)編總結了一(yi)些常見故障及維修(xiu)方法，一(yi)起來看(kan)看(kan)！

  一、線(xian)(xian)路(lu)故障 線(xian)(xian)路(lu)故障，包括(kuo)電(dian)源線(xian)(xian)損壞不通(tong)(tong)電(dian)、接(jie)觸口氧化接(jie)觸不良等情況。重點(dian)檢查(cha)輸(shu)入線(xian)(xian)、輸(shu)出線(xian)(xian)是否通(tong)(tong)電(dian)。 若是線(xian)(xian)路(lu)故障，可通(tong)(tong)過更(geng)換電(dian)源線(xian)(xian)等方(fang)式解決。

  二、輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)過低 以下(xia)為引起輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)低的主(zhu)要原因： 1開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)負載(zai)短(duan)路(lu)(lu)故障(尤其是(shi)DC/DC變換器短(duan)路(lu)(lu)或性能(neng)不(bu)良等)，此時(shi)，首先(xian)斷開(kai)開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的所有負載(zai)，檢查是(shi)開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)故障還是(shi)負載(zai)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)有故障。如果斷開(kai)負載(zai)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)而電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)輸(shu)出(chu)正常(chang)，說(shuo)明是(shi)負載(zai)過重;或仍(reng)不(bu)正常(chang)說(shuo)明開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)有故障。 2輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)端濾波(bo)電(dian)(dian)容或整流二極管(guan)(guan)失效(xiao)等，可以通(tong)過替換法進(jin)行(xing)判(pan)斷。 3開(kai)關(guan)管(guan)(guan)的性能(neng)下(xia)降，導致開(kai)關(guan)管(guan)(guan)無(wu)法正常(chang)導通(tong)，使電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的內阻增加，負載(zai)能(neng)力下(xia)降。 4開(kai)關(guan)變壓(ya)(ya)器不(bu)良，不(bu)僅造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)下(xia)降，同時(shi)造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)開(kai)關(guan)管(guan)(guan)激(ji)勵不(bu)足從而損壞開(kai)關(guan)管(guan)(guan)。 5300V濾波(bo)電(dian)(dian)容不(bu)良，造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)帶負載(zai)能(neng)力差，一接負載(zai)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)便會(hui)下(xia)降。

  三、輸出(chu)電壓(ya)過(guo)高 輸出(chu)電壓(ya)過(guo)高一般來自于穩(wen)壓(ya)取(qu)樣(yang)和穩(wen)壓(ya)控制電路。在直流(liu)輸出(chu)、取(qu)樣(yang)電阻、誤差取(qu)樣(yang)放大器如TL431、光(guang)耦、電源控制芯(xin)片等電路共同(tong)構成(cheng)的閉合控制環(huan)路，其中任何一個(ge)零件(jian)出(chu)現問題都會造成(cheng)輸出(chu)電壓(ya)升高。

  四、保險(xian)管正(zheng)常，無輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓 保險(xian)管正(zheng)常，無輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓表明(ming)開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)未工作或進入了保護(hu)(hu)狀態。第一步要檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)控制(zhi)(zhi)芯片(pian)的(de)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)腳的(de)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)數(shu)值(zhi)，若無啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓或者啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓過低(di)，則(ze)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)腳外(wai)接的(de)元件及啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻是否漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。 若電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)控制(zhi)(zhi)芯片(pian)正(zheng)常，可經上述監測迅速查(cha)(cha)到故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)所在(zai)(zai)。若有啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，則(ze)測量(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)芯片(pian)的(de)輸(shu)出端在(zai)(zai)開機瞬間是否存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)高、低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平的(de)跳(tiao)(tiao)變(bian)，如若無跳(tiao)(tiao)變(bian)，說明(ming)控制(zhi)(zhi)芯片(pian)損壞、外(wai)圍振(zhen)蕩(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路元件損壞或保護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)，通過替換控制(zhi)(zhi)芯片(pian)、檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)外(wai)圍元件，逐一進行檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha);若在(zai)(zai)跳(tiao)(tiao)變(bian)，多數(shu)情況(kuang)為為開關管不良或損壞。

  五(wu)、保(bao)險燒(shao)壞(huai)或炸掉 主要檢(jian)查(cha)整流橋、各(ge)二極管(guan)、開關管(guan)以及(ji)300伏(fu)上的(de)(de)大濾波電容等部位。導致(zhi)保(bao)險燒(shao)、發黑(hei)，也可能是(shi)(shi)抗(kang)干擾電路出(chu)問題引起。 尤其(qi)要注(zhu)意(yi)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)：因開關管(guan)擊穿導致(zhi)保(bao)險燒(shao)，通常(chang)會燒(shao)壞(huai)電源(yuan)控制芯片和電流檢(jian)測(ce)電阻。熱(re)敏(min)電阻也很(hen)容易(yi)和保(bao)險一起被燒(shao)壞(huai)。 電源(yuan)適配器的(de)(de)常(chang)見(jian)故障(zhang)及(ji)維(wei)修(xiu)就講到(dao)這(zhe)(zhe)里，另外，我們要注(zhu)意(yi)電源(yuan)適配器日常(chang)的(de)(de)維(wei)護和保(bao)養，這(zhe)(zhe)樣能減(jian)少故障(zhang)的(de)(de)發生，也能有效(xiao)的(de)(de)延長使用壽(shou)命。