充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)通常(chang)指的(de)是一種(zhong)將交流電(dian)(dian)轉換(huan)為低壓直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)的(de)設備,它(ta)內(nei)部包括了限(xian)流，限(xian)壓等滿足(zu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)特(te)性的(de)控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)路,電(dian)(dian)源適(shi)配器(qi)(qi)是經過變壓,整流和(he)穩(wen)壓的(de)電(dian)(dian)源變換(huan)器(qi)(qi),輸出的(de)是直(zhi)流,在滿足(zu)功率的(de)情況下(xia)可以理解為低壓穩(wen)壓電(dian)(dian)源。下(xia)面我們來談論下(xia)電(dian)(dian)源適(shi)配器(qi)(qi)是什么？充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)是什么？兩者(zhe)有什么關系和(he)相互的(de)區別。

  充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器:英(ying)文(wen)名稱Charger，通常指的(de)是一種將交流(liu)電(dian)轉換為低(di)壓直流(liu)電(dian)的(de)設備，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器是給可(ke)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)池(chi)用(yong)的(de)專用(yong)直流(liu)電(dian)源，它內部包(bao)括(kuo)了限流(liu)，限壓等滿足充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)特性的(de)控制電(dian)路(lu)。

  充電器(qi)在各(ge)個領(ling)域(yu)用途廣(guang)泛，特別是在生(sheng)活(huo)領(ling)域(yu)被廣(guang)泛用于電動車(che)，手電筒等常見電器(qi)。它(ta)一般是給電池直接充電，不通過任(ren)何中介設備和裝置.

  充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)流程(cheng)(cheng)是：恒(heng)(heng)流－恒(heng)(heng)壓－涓流，三(san)(san)階式智能充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)(cheng)中的(de)三(san)(san)段式充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)理論則(ze)可(ke)以(yi)大大提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)率，縮短充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間，并能有(you)效(xiao)延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命。三(san)(san)段式充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)采(cai)用先恒(heng)(heng)流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，再恒(heng)(heng)壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，最后(hou)采(cai)用浮充(chong)(chong)進(jin)行維護充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

  一般(ban)分(fen)為快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)、補足充(chong)電(dian)、涓流充(chong)電(dian)三個階段:

  快速(su)充電(dian)階段：用(yong)大電(dian)流對電(dian)池進行充電(dian)以迅速(su)恢復電(dian)池電(dian)能(neng)，充電(dian)速(su)率(lv)可以達1C以上，此(ci)時充電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)較低，但會限(xian)制(zhi)充電(dian)電(dian)流在一定(ding)數值范圍之內(nei)。

  補(bu)足充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)階(jie)段(duan)：相對于快速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)階(jie)段(duan)，補(bu)足充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)階(jie)段(duan)又可以(yi)稱為(wei)慢速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)階(jie)段(duan)。當快速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)階(jie)段(duan)終(zhong)止時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)并未完全充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)足，還(huan)需(xu)加(jia)入補(bu)足充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程，補(bu)足充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)(su)率一般不(bu)超過(guo)(guo)0.3C，因為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓經過(guo)(guo)快速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)階(jie)段(duan)后有所(suo)升高，所(suo)以(yi)補(bu)足充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)階(jie)段(duan)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓也應該有所(suo)提(ti)升，并且(qie)恒定在一定范圍之內(nei)。

  涓流(liu)(liu)充電(dian)(dian)階段：在(zai)補足充電(dian)(dian)階段后期，當檢測到溫度上(shang)升超過極限值或充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)減小到一定(ding)值之后，開始(shi)用更(geng)小的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)進(jin)行(xing)充電(dian)(dian)直至(zhi)滿足一定(ding)的(de)條件后結束充電(dian)(dian)。

  電源適配(pei)器:英文名(ming)稱Adapter，市場上常見的電源適配(pei)器是經過變壓(ya)，整流(liu)和穩壓(ya)的電源變換器，輸出的是直流(liu)，在滿足功(gong)率(lv)的情況下可(ke)以理解為低(di)壓(ya)穩壓(ya)電源。

  電源適(shi)配器廣泛配套(tao)于路由器、電話子母機(ji)(ji)、游戲(xi)機(ji)(ji)、語(yu)言復讀機(ji)(ji)、隨(sui)身(shen)聽、筆記(ji)本、手機(ji)(ji)等設(she)備中。大部分電源適(shi)配器可以自動檢測(ce)100～240V交(jiao)流電(50/60Hz)。

  電(dian)(dian)源適(shi)配器(qi)(qi)是小型便(bian)攜式(shi)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)設(she)備(bei)及(ji)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的供電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)源變換設(she)備(bei)，它把(ba)電(dian)(dian)源外置，用一條線和主機(ji)連接，這樣可以(yi)縮(suo)小主機(ji)的體積(ji)和重量，只有極(ji)少數(shu)的設(she)備(bei)和電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)把(ba)電(dian)(dian)源內置在主機(ji)內。

  它內部由電(dian)源(yuan)變壓器和整(zheng)流(liu)電(dian)路組成(cheng)，按其輸(shu)出(chu)類型可(ke)分為交流(liu)輸(shu)出(chu)型和直流(liu)輸(shu)出(chu)型；按連接(jie)方式可(ke)分為插(cha)墻式和桌面式。在電(dian)源(yuan)適配器上都有一個銘牌，上面標示著功率，輸(shu)入輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓和電(dian)流(liu)量等指標，特(te)別要注(zhu)意輸(shu)入電(dian)壓的范圍。